The 30-year arc of data center cooling — and where it goes next

From CRAC units to hot-aisle containment to liquid. A look back at three decades of thermal management in commercial data centers and a thesis on the next decade — including why two-phase immersion is closer than the market thinks.

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The themes covered in this piece — the technical, economic, and operational realities of building hyperscale AI infrastructure in the Kingdom — are subjects we cover continuously across the Insights stream. For the most current thinking, browse the full Insights index, or subscribe via the contact form to receive new pieces directly.